6. 与远程仓库 remote repository 的交互¶

首先，在 Github 中创建一个空的同名仓库，然后获得远程仓库的链接(形如 git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/Forest.git )后，再通过命令将本地的仓库内容添加到远程仓库中。

6.1. 添加远程仓库之一：create a new repository on the command line¶

添加一个新的远程 Git 仓库 git remote add <shortname> <url>

echo "# Forest" >> README.md
git init
git add README.md
git commit -m "first commit"
git branch -M master
git remote add origin git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/Forest.git
git push -u origin master

备注

运行 git remote add <shortname> <url> 添加一个新的远程 Git 仓库，同时指定一个方便使用的简写。如上代码所示，即可使用origin来代替 git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/Forest.git 这个URL。

6.2. 添加远程仓库之二：push an existing repository from the command line¶

git remote add origin git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/Forest.git
git branch -M master
git push -u origin master

6.3. 添加远程仓库之三：clone¶

git clone git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/Forest.git

6.4. 查看远程仓库¶

使用 git remote 命令即可查看本地仓库的远程仓库。如果想要查看某一个远程仓库的更多信息，可以使用 git remote show <remote> 命令。

$ git remote
origin
$ git remote -v
origin  git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/GitRepositoryManual.git (fetch)
origin  git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/GitRepositoryManual.git (push)
$ git remote show origin
Enter passphrase for key '/c/xxxx/.ssh/id_rsa':
* remote origin
Fetch URL: git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/GitRepositoryManual.git
Push  URL: git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/GitRepositoryManual.git
HEAD branch: main
Remote branch:
   main tracked
Local branch configured for 'git pull':
   main merges with remote main
Local ref configured for 'git push':
   main pushes to main (fast-forwardable)

6.5. 从远程仓库中抓取与拉取¶

$ git fetch <remote>

6.6. 推送到远程仓库¶

git push <remote> <branch>

备注

Git push与pull的默认行为

6.7. 远程仓库的重命名¶

git remote rename BRANCH_NAME_FROM BRANCH_NAME_TO

值得注意的是这同样也会修改你所有远程跟踪的分支名字。

6.8. 远程仓库链接的修改¶

git remote set-url <repo_name> <new_url>

> git remote -v
gitee   https://gitee.com/eugene-forest/NoteBook.git (fetch)
gitee   https://gitee.com/eugene-forest/NoteBook.git (push)
origin  git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/NoteBook.git (fetch)
origin  git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/NoteBook.git (push)
> git remote set-url gitee git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/NoteBook.git
> git remote -v
gitee   git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/NoteBook.git (fetch)
gitee   git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/NoteBook.git (push)
origin  git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/NoteBook.git (fetch)
origin  git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/NoteBook.git (push)

6.9. 远程仓库链接的附加¶

如果我们由两个远程仓库，而且在推送时都想同时向这两个远程仓库推送，那么这个时候，可以使用 git remote set-url --add <repo_name> <other-url> 命令。

> git remote -v
origin  git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/NoteBook.git (fetch)
origin  git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/NoteBook.git (push)
> git remote set-url --add origin https://gitee.com/eugene-forest/NoteBook.git
> git remote -v
origin  git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/NoteBook.git (fetch)
origin  git@github.com:Eugene-Forest/NoteBook.git (push)
origin  https://gitee.com/eugene-forest/NoteBook.git (push)

备注

从运行结果来看，通过 git remote set-url --add <repo_name> <other-url> 命令添加的远程仓库只有被推送的权利，当我们向远程拉取的时候还是一开始的远程仓库。

6.10. 远程仓库的移除¶

git remote remove repo_name # git remote rm repo_name

6.11. 查看远程仓库的分支并拉取到本地¶

通过 git branch -a 命令可以查看所有的无论是本地还是远程的分支。
通过 git branch -r 命令可以查看所有的远程的分支。
git checkout -b LOCAL_BRANCH_NAME REMOTE_NAME/REMOTE_BRANCH_NAME 在本地新建分支并从远程拉取，采用此种方法建立的本地分支会和远程分支建立映射关系。
git fetch origin REMOTE_BRANCH_NAME:LOCAL_BRANCH_NAME 在本地新建分支并从远程拉取，这种方法建立的本地分支不会和远程分支建立映射关系。

6.12. 本地分支与远程分支的映射关系¶

git branch -vv 查看本地分支与远程分支的映射关系

Eugene-Forest@DESKTOP-4BMMHQP MINGW64 ~/workspace-git/repository/GitOperationManual (main)
$ git branch -vv
feature-a b4ef42a a test for diff feature delete files
* main      022c10a [gitee/main] add RemoteGitee.md.

本地分支与远程分支的映射关系的撤销 git branch --unset-upstream

Eugene-Forest@DESKTOP-4BMMHQP MINGW64 ~/workspace-git/repository/GitOperationManual (main)
$ git branch --unset-upstream

Eugene-Forest@DESKTOP-4BMMHQP MINGW64 ~/workspace-git/repository/GitOperationManual (main)
$ git branch -vv
feature-a b4ef42a a test for diff feature delete files
* main      022c10a add RemoteGitee.md.

本地分支与远程分支的映射关系的建立

git branch -u REMOTE_NAME/REMOTE_BRANCH_NAME
git branch --set-upstream-to=REMOTE_NAME/REMOTE_BRANCH_NAME

 Eugene-Forest@DESKTOP-4BMMHQP MINGW64 ~/workspace-git/repository/GitOperationManual (main)
 $ git branch --set-upstream-to=gitee/main
 Branch 'main' set up to track remote branch 'main' from 'gitee'.

 Eugene-Forest@DESKTOP-4BMMHQP MINGW64 ~/workspace-git/repository/GitOperationManual (main)
 $ git branch -vv
 feature-a b4ef42a a test for diff feature delete files
 * main      022c10a [gitee/main] add RemoteGitee.md.